The idea of DNA digital data storage dates back to 1959, when the physicist Richard P. JSTOR ( April 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources.įind sources: "DNA digital data storage" – news This section relies excessively on references to primary sources. For encoding developmental lineage data (molecular flight recorder), roughly 30 trillion cell nuclei per mouse * 60 recording sites per nucleus * 7-15 bits per site yields about 2 TeraBytes per mouse written (but only very selectively read). CRISPR gene editing can also be used to insert artificial DNA sequences into the genome of the cell. Furthermore synthetic biology can be used to engineer cells with "molecular recorders" to allow the storage and retrieval of information stored in the cell's genetic material. The genetic code within living organisms can potentially be co-opted to store information. The consensus accuracy of this technology in 2016 was about 99.3% and by 2022, this had improved to as high as Q60 = 99.9999%. The main advantage of the nanopore technology is that it can be read in real time. The passage of the DNA molecules causes small change in electrical current that can be measured. A recently developed alternative is the nanopore technology in which DNA molecules are passed through a nano scale pore under the control of a ratcheting enzyme. The fluorescence pattern (a different color for each of the four DNA bases) can then be captured in an image and processed to determine the DNA sequence. The authors have declared no competing interest.Currently, the most wide spread DNA sequencing technology in use is one developed by Illumina which involves immobilization of single stranded DNA on a solid support, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the sequences, and labeling of the individual DNA bases with complementary bases tagged with fluorescent markers (see Illumina dye sequencing). Our platform enables sensitive measurement and mapping of ACh transmission in the peripheral nervous system. Equipped with an advanced imaging processing tool, we further spatially resolve ACh signal propagation on the tissue level. In addition, the sensor response upon electrical stimulation of the efferent nerve is dose-dependent, reversible, and we observe a reduction of ~76% in sensor signal upon pharmacological inhibition of ACh release. We demonstrate the utility of the nanosensors in the submandibular ganglia of living mice to sensitively detect ACh ranging from 0.228 μM to 358 μM. ACh nanosensors consist of DNA as a scaffold, acetylcholinesterase as a recognition component, pH-sensitive fluorophores as signal generators, and α-bungarotoxin as a targeting moiety. Here, we present a DNA-based enzymatic nanosensor for quantitative detection of acetylcholine (ACh) in the peripheral nervous system of living mice. The ability to monitor the release of neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission would significantly impact the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disease.
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